How does fbs work

Having a close relative with diabetes is also considered a qualifying risk factor for most individuals.

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FBS Blood Test Results Explained, how does fbs work.

Women who have delivered a baby weighing more than 9 pounds, having polycystic ovarian syndrome, or being in a high-risk culture or ethnicity are also risk factors that will be considered. If you’ve been given an FBS blood test, then any result which is between 77-99 mg/dl is considered to be a normal fasting glucose level. Some laboratories may report test results in mmol/L instead of mg/dl, so a normal result in that measurement would be 3.9-5.5.

FBS blood test results explained

The FBS blood test is a fasting blood sugar test. It is used to determine what the ongoing blood glucose levels happen to be when food is not being digested and distributed to the rest of the body. This can detect high blood glucose, low blood glucose, and is often used as a screen for diabetes when the signs and symptoms of the disease are present.

It is also used to determine gestational diabetes, prediabetes, and to monitor glucose levels for those who have already been diagnosed with the condition.

The FBS blood test requires fasting for a minimum of 8 hours to be effective. For this reason, it is most often given early in the morning to avoid fasting issues during daytime hours.

When is the FBS blood test ordered?

It is recommended that anyone above the age of 45 receive regular diabetes screening or whenever an individual has potential risk factors that may encourage diabetes development. Part of the screening process would include the FBS blood test.

There are several risk factors which may be deemed as a qualifying factor by an individual’s medical provider. One of the most common risk factors is being physically inactive, overweight, or obese as determined by a BMI measurement.

Having a close relative with diabetes is also considered a qualifying risk factor for most individuals. Women who have delivered a baby weighing more than 9 pounds, having polycystic ovarian syndrome, or being in a high-risk culture or ethnicity are also risk factors that will be considered.

Someone with high blood pressure of 140/90 with the above risk factors may be considered to be at a higher risk of diabetes development and may be placed on a pre-diabetic treatment plan even if the FBS blood test comes back as normal.

It may also be ordered when the signs and symptoms of inappropriate glucose levels are present. This may include increased thirst, ongoing fatigue, blurred vision, or slow healing wounds. Frequent hunger, trembling, anxiety, confusion, and sweating without another explanation may also be evidence of a glucose disorder.

What do my FBS test results mean?

If you’ve been given an FBS blood test, then any result which is between 77-99 mg/dl is considered to be a normal fasting glucose level. Some laboratories may report test results in mmol/L instead of mg/dl, so a normal result in that measurement would be 3.9-5.5.

For individuals who have a fasting glucose level of 100-125 mg/dl or 5.6-6.9 mmol/L, then this is generally considered to be evidence of prediabetes. It may also be called an “impaired fasting glucose.” action will be taken to limit sugar intake and improve physical activity for many patients who receive an FBS blood test result like this one.

Any fasting blood glucose test results that are above 126 mg/dl or 7 mmol/L which occurs on more than one testing occasion is considered enough evidence to diagnose an individual with diabetes.

Here’s what you need to know

If you’ve received a high FBS blood test result, diabetes isn’t always the culprit behind the abnormal reading. Someone suffering from acute stress may have an elevated blood glucose level. Certain chronic kidney diseases, pancreatitis, and cushing syndrome have also been known to present with a high FBS reading. Certain cancers have also been known to affect blood sugar readings.

The primary cause of a high FBS blood test result, however, is the excessive consumption of food. Eating a large meal just before the 8-hour fasting period can affect the blood test results.

Low FBS blood test results can also be caused by certain lifestyle choices or diseases. The most common reason for an abnormally low FBS reading is excessive alcohol consumption. Individuals suffering from severe liver disease or an adrenal insufficiency will also see test results that are lower than normal.

Certain conditions involving the thyroid are also known to interfere with the FBS blood test. Individuals who practice prolonged fasting for religious purposes have also been known to have abnormally low test results without any other health issue.

Here’s what you need to know

Do not under-estimate the effects that stress can have on the body in terms of glucose levels. Extreme stress has been proven to cause glucose spikes.

Certain medications have also been known to interfere with blood glucose readings. Taking drugs like acetaminophen have been known to decrease glucose, while estrogens, lithium, and diuretics have been known to increase glucose levels.

The FBS blood test is a proven way to detect diabetes and other metabolism disorders or chronic diseases. Ask your doctor today if this blood test would be right for you.

What does fetal bovine serum do?

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a byproduct of harvesting cattle for the meatpacking industry—it’s used extensively by both academic and industrial researchers as a supplement to basal growth medium in cell culture applications. FBS is the liquid portion that remains after blood is drawn from bovine fetus coagulates. It’s the most widely used serum supplement for in-vitro cell culture (for eukaryotic cells). 1

Additionally, it plays a vital role in the research of human and veterinary vaccines and has applications in stem cell research. It’s also, at times, used for cloning and gene targeting.

Thus, when it comes to answering what does fetal bovine serum do, the answer is multifaceted. Read on to learn more about fetal bovine serum so you can see how it affects research within stem cells and vaccines.

What is fetal bovine serum?

If you don’t know what fetal bovine serum does you are not alone.

How is fetal bovine serum made?

The manufacturing of FBS is highly regulated, ensuring strict safety guidelines and quality control testing.

The following is the general process of fetal bovine serum collection:

As a byproduct of the meatpacking industry, fetal blood is collected at the time of harvest from abattoirs where cows pass both veterinary pre- and post-mortem inspections

Fetal bovine blood is collected from deceased pregnant cows in government approved facilities

Blood is drawn via cardiac puncture from the expired fetus in a closed, aseptic system using best practices to regulate hemoglobin and endotoxin levels

The blood is refrigerated to encourage clotting

Blood is then processed into raw serum

FBS should always be stored between ≤-10°C until its intended use.

Primary use of fetal bovine serum

The primary use of FBS is a supplement for in vitro cell culture. Its unique biological makeup promotes rapid cell growth, thus making it a product that yields a high efficacy.

Brief history of cell culture media

Ringer's cell culture medium was developed by sydney ringer in 1882, and was the first instance of in vitro cultivation of animal tissue. Over the next few decades, scientific innovation led to the development of the first animal cell cultures, then synthetic media. The 1940s saw the establishment of cell lines, basal media, and research into protein-free media.

Judy pogoda-leone, a senior manager of technical affairs who has worked within the global sera program at thermo fisher scientific for over 35 years, recounts that researchers and manufacturers started by using horse serum. However, through this work, “they didn’t get the level of proliferation and growth that they really needed to see, so FBS was looked at as another protein derivative so that cells could actually grow and proliferate.” researchers and manufacturers found that FBS provided a much more extensive offering to how those cells would perform overall, and thus the use of FBS started gaining more traction.

Benefits of fetal bovine serum

Serum is added to culture medium at a concentration of 2-10% to provide attachment factors, nutrients, and hormones for mammalian cells, as well as to be a buffer against disruptions like ph changes and endotoxins. FBS has a high content of embryonic growth promoting factors like hormones, carrier proteins, and macromolecular proteins. It also has low levels of antibodies and other growth-inhibiting components.

Chris scanlon, market development manager within the FBS program, explains that the strong benefit of FBS lies in the advantages of these factors. “FBS in general is the most favorable of the serums because of the fact it’s from a fetus - it’s yet to be exposed to the environment and have any potential chemicals get into the serum and impact the culture.”

Another advantage chris cites is the universality of FBS. “horse serum might be good for certain types of applications, but FBS is that universal serum that you can use in pretty much any application.” for researchers who require serums for multiple different applications within a single project, FBS is the best choice because it functions for all purposes and thereby streamlines product usage.

FBS use in vaccines for viruses

Inoculation has been in use in china and india since at least the 11th century AD. 2 in 1796, edward jenner, an english physician, injected a young boy, james phipps, with material from a cowpox vesicle sourced from sarah nelmes, a milkmaid. Two months later, young james was inoculated with smallpox and developed no symptoms. This is the fundamental idea behind fetal bovine serum in vaccines. They contain a dead or weakened form of a disease-carrying bacteria or virus that triggers antibody production and protects against future development of the disease.

The cell growth of weakened strains of pathogens requires specific growth media, some requiring animal-derived products. Fetal bovine serum has been found to exceed cell culture testing standards and contains several growth factors for mammalian cells.

Other uses of fetal bovine serum (FBS)

Fetal bovine serum has additional applications in both research and industry:

Biotechnology research and production

Stem cell research

Cloning

Animal diagnostics

In vitro fertilization

Biopharmaceuticals

Gene therapy

Immunotherapy

Synthetic proteins

Thermo fisher scientific continuously strives to further the innovation in their product offering to help researchers across these applications. One specific tool that helps achieve this is the imatch sera lot matching tool, which helps FBS specialists find product matches based on what they’ve used previously or what their research necessitates. Chris scanlon describes, “this is something that’s unique to thermo fisher scientific - we call it the ‘imatch guarantee,’ where customers are guaranteed similar results to their previous FBS lot. We know what customers need and we can match that or better in order to help ensure consistency so customers know their cells will always perform the same.”

Quality control

Thermo fisher scientific has incorporated the highest level of quality specifications to meet our customer’s research requirements.

Effective february 12, 2014, ISIA traceability certification was awarded to gibco by thermo fisher scientific. This certification provides researchers with peace of mind and the confidence that gibco sera are manufactured under the highest traceability standards, offering quality and performance for your research.

What does traceability certification mean?

We maintain records of traceability from origin throughout the supply chain for all serum batches.

We maintain the history for both quality and quantity of material, from point of collection through final processing.

We retain the documentation supporting all stages of processing, transportation, and commercial transactions.

Every batch of FBS goes through stringent quality control before they are given a certificate of analysis and allowed for sale. 3

These are some of the testing criteria:

Endotoxin testing

Mycoplasma testing

9CFR virus testing

Biochemical and hormone profile

EMA virus testing

Moreover, different types of research require differently treated FBS. Some other forms of treatment and testing include: exosome depletion, heat inactivation, charcoal treatment, dialyzed, gamma-irradiation, low igg, stem cell culture.

Final thoughts

Fetal bovine serum has dramatically increased the pace of biomedical science. As a supplement to growth culture media, it’s unparalleled. Additionally, strict regulations and rigorous quality controls ensure a safe and high-quality product. However, the amount of FBS available is variable; as a byproduct of the beef industry, environmental factors have an effect on the price and availability of FBS.

Thus, if you’re looking for high-quality and consistent FBS, thermo fisher scientific is a leading supplier globally.

College football explained

Darius hanks of the alabama crimson tide has his jersey grabbed by tyrann mathieu of the louisiana state university tigers during the 2012 allstate BCS national championship game. Photograph: chris graythen/getty

T rying to explain college football to the uninitiated often produces more questions than answers: why do people root so fervently for teams that represent schools they never attended? Why are there 12 teams in the big 10 and 10 teams in the big XII? What the hell is a hokie?

The fact of the matter is, very little about college football makes a whole lot of sense. But in an effort to bring order to chaos, we have selected five frequently asked questions to answer as a beginner's guide to america's second-favorite sport.

What constitutes major college football?

There are four levels of college football in the national collegiate athletic association (NCAA), but the one that really matters is the football bowl subdivision (FBS). If you're scoring at home, the other three levels are the football championship subdivision (FCS), division II and division III.

There are 124 teams in the FBS, divided into 11 conferences – notre dame, brigham young university, army and navy are the only four schools in the FBS that are not affiliated with a conference. Six of those 11 leagues – the southeastern conference, the big XII, the big 10, the pac-12, the big east, and the atlantic coast conference – are considered to be major.

The southeastern conference or SEC is comprised largely of public institutions in the former confederacy. It has earned the reputation as being the best football conference in the country, by virtue of having a member institution win the national championship in each of the last six seasons.

The big XII is based primarily in the great plains states and texas – the sooners of oklahoma and the longhorns of texas are its traditional powers. The league, although still a power, has lost four members in the last two years to other conferences, while adding only two schools, thus the discrepancy between the conference's name and membership.

The big 10, the nation's oldest conference, features mostly large land-grant institutions from the upper midwest, with ohio state, michigan, nebraska, and penn state representing the top programs. Having been known as the big 10 since 1917, the conference kept the name despite adding penn state in 1993 and nebraska in 2011.

The pac-12 is made up of schools from the pacific coast and rocky mountain regions – southern cal, oregon and stanford lead the way. The atlantic coast conference (ACC) stretches from boston college in the north to miami in the south, with miami, virginia tech and florida state taking top honors. Finally, the big east – which will soon feature teams as far flung as san diego – used to be the home of the major college programs along the eastern seaboard. Recent defections have made it a major conference in name only.

No school from outside of these six conferences has ever played for the national championship in the bowl championship series era, which began in 1998 when these six conferences and notre dame formed an alliance, in order to produce a true national champion.

How is a champion determined?

The goal for every team is to finish the regular season either first or second in the bowl championship series (BCS) rankings and therefore be selected to play in the BCS national championship game.

During the regular season, teams play the majority of their games against other members of their conferences (the big XII and pac-12 play nine conference games per season while the ACC, SEC and big 10 play eight. Teams in the big east, which has only eight football-playing members, can only play seven games against their league foes.)

At the end of each regular season, a conference champion is crowned. In the case of the pac-12, big 10, SEC, and ACC, the champion is determined in a winner-take-all league championship game. The big XII and big east championships are awarded to the team with the best record in regular season intra-conference match-ups.

The six conference champions, plus four additional teams selected primarily, but not exclusively, from the six major leagues, are invited to participate in the five BCS bowl games, which include the orange bowl in miami, the fiesta bowl in the phoenix area, the sugar bowl in new orleans, the rose bowl in pasadena and the BCS national championship game, which is played in one of the four sites of the other major bowl games, on a rotating basis. The top two teams according to the BCS rankings are invited to play in the BCS championship game, with the winner being named the BCS champion.

The BCS rankings rely on human polls as well as a computer algorithm to determine the top two teams in the country. The best way to earn a spot in the title contest is to be a member of one of the six major conferences and win all of your regular season games, although in seven of the 14 years that this system has been in place, at least one of the teams playing in the title game has entered the contest with at least one loss and twice a team from a major conference gone undefeated during the regular season but has not been invited to play for the championship – auburn of the SEC in 2004 and cincinnati of the big east in 2009.

How and why are teams ranked before the season even begins?

Prior to the season, polls are taken of select FBS coaches and media members who cover the sport, asking them to rank who they believe will be the top teams in the country during the upcoming campaign. These speculative rankings are based largely on how a team performed the previous year, the level of talent returning to the side for the upcoming season and the quality of incoming players.

Each week during the season, the pollsters are asked to re-rank the teams in order, taking into account the results from the previous week. A team that is ranked and wins usually either maintains its position or moves up as a result of a squad that was ranked higher losing.

But the rankings are not scientific. Rather they are based on the opinions of the pollsters. The computer algorithm used to help determine which two teams play for the national championship does not factor into the two human polls. This means that though alabama – currently the top ranked side in both the media and coaches polls – is considered to be the best team in the country, this is more a matter of opinion than it is of fact.

However, since the polls are part of the formula that is used to determine who plays for the national championship, these rankings are critically important.

(note: in 2005 the media poll, known as the associated press poll, was removed from the formula used to determine the top two teams in the country. A new poll, the harris interactive poll – comprised of former players, coaches, college administrators and non-AP journalists, – was concocted the following year to replace the AP poll. Traditionally, the polls have the same teams ranked in pretty much the same spots as the season progresses.)

What's the deal with all these bowl games?

For the most part, all FBS teams that finish the regular season with at least six wins are eligible to participate in a postseason bowl game. There are 35 such contests, but outside the BCS national championship game, none has any bearing on identifying the national champion. Rather, an invitation to a bowl game is seen largely as a reward for a team that has had a successful season, a feather in the cap of the coach of such a side and a chance for a sizeable payday for the participating schools – although the value of these payouts has been questioned in recent years.

Each bowl game is an independent entity, and match-ups are determined primarily by conference affiliation. For example, the big 10 has deals in place with eight bowl games, so if eight of the league's 12 teams finish with six wins or more, they will play in one of those contests. However, the emergence of the BCS national championship game and the proliferation of bowl games – in 1998, when the BCS began, there were only 23; 35 were played last year – have greatly diminished the prestige of such contests.

Why do people care?

The united states is a sport-obsessed country but its sports are local, much like its politics. College football thrives in the towns, cities and regions that professional sports have neglected. College football also predates its professional counterpart; love for these teams has been passed down from generation to generation.

Also, in college sports the viewer does not have to deal with the uncomfortable fact that he or she is hanging on the outcome of games played by strangers who will make more money in a year than he or she will make in a lifetime. College players are regarded as hometown heroes, regardless of where they might actually come from.

They are our guys. The alabama quarterback AJ mccarron, for example, is to the yellowhammer state what eli manning of the giants is to new york city. In the absence of an NFL franchise, the USC trojans have become los angeles' major football team, dissected in the local media and on talk radio as the patriots are in boston.

College football is how sports fans in america spend their autumn saturdays. It is a one-sided love affair that often makes little sense. But who says love has to?

How college football bowl games work

Here is how college football bowl games work, including how to quality, how teams can become eligible to compete and an explanation of the college football playoff system.

What is a bowl game?

Compared to other NCAA sports, FBS football has a relatively small playoff system. Only four teams compete for the national championship. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t a postseason.

If a team is eligible for a bowl game (more on that later), it will earn the chance to play in a bowl game: A one-off matchup against a team of similar skill that it would not usually face in the regular season. The winners of bowl games receive trophies and bragging rights, but do not advance to any other games.

There are currently 40 bowl games in addition to the national championship. You can view the schedule, location and TV listings for each 2018-19 bowl here.

How to qualify for bowl eligibility

Here's the official rule from the NCAA:

"an eligible team is defined as one that has won a number of games against football bowl subdivision (FBS) opponents that is equal to or greater than the number of its overall losses (e.G., a record of 6-6, or better). Ties or forfeited games do not count in determining won-lost record."

There are a few exceptions. For example, a loss in your conference championship game does not count against your record.

If there are not enough teams that are eligible under those rules, the eligibility requirements change, but the minimum record for a team to become bowl eligible is set at 5-7. Teams with winning records always receive priority.

College football playoff

In 2014, a new championship system went into place. The college football playoff consists of a selection committee that ranks teams throughout the year. The top four teams compete in two semifinal games in late december or early january, with the winners advancing to the national championship a week later.

New year’s six and semifinals

With the advent of the college football playoff system, the six biggest bowl games got a little bit bigger. Both CFP national semifinal games rotate among the new year’s six — six historic bowl games played on our around new year’s day.

Here’s the schedule for the next eight years:

Year	semifinals bowls	national championship location
2018-2019	cotton bowl, orange bowl	bay area
2019-2020	peach bowl, fiesta bowl	new orleans
2020-2021	rose bowl, sugar bowl	miami
2021-2022	cotton bowl, orange bowl	indianapolis
2022-2023	peach bowl, fiesta bowl	los angeles
2023-2024	rose bowl, sugar bowl	houston
2024-2025	cotton bowl, orange bowl	TBD
2025-2026	peach bowl, fiesta bowl	TBD

Daniel wilco has worked at the AJC, sports illustrated, and SEC country. His writing has also appeared on SI.Com, men’s health, and the cauldron.

The views on this page do not necessarily reflect the views of the NCAA or its member institutions.

How does fbs work

Home > blog > what is image sharpening and how does it works for games?

What is image sharpening and how does it works for games?

Image sharpening algorithms are designed to enhance and maintain brightness in the regions of rapid change; mostly edges. The main purpose of image sharpening is to provide a vivid and more esthetic feel to the world of gaming.

By jennifer | jun 15, 2020

Image sharpening algorithms are designed to enhance and maintain brightness in the regions of rapid change; mostly edges. The main purpose of image sharpening is to provide a vivid and more esthetic feel to the world of gaming. Image sharpening comes under the domain of image processing and it has been a field of interest for companies associated with gaming. Now that the world of gaming becomes more and more competitive with ray tracing, DLSS, and what-not. Companies like nvidia and AMD are neck to neck in this battle of gaming perfection. Image sharpening can immensely impact the gaming experience by making the images crisp and sharper.

Image sharpening

Image sharpening enhances the overall sharpness of the game to make it look more realistic. AMD and nvidia have been battling around to give their customers the best gaming experience. AMD has come up with the newest image sharpening algorithm, they claim that it is an image sharpening feature that provides better visual performance.

AMD is calling it radeon image sharpening (RIS). They claim that RIS can come in handy at multiple stages in gaming. RIS will particularly come in handy when gamer down-samples the resolution of the game to increase frames per second (FPS) to minimize gaming lag. When the resolution of a game is decreased it makes the image softer than the original resolution, this is when RIS will come in handy. RIS will provide sufficient imagine sharpening to enhance gaming experience without using full resolution. This means that RIS provides virtually the same image quality without compromising on gaming performance.

Aside from that a lot of gaming companies are using temporal anti-aliasing (transformation speed of the object inside the frame is greater than the sampling rate of the scene) which results in softer image quality. RIS solves this problem, and provide the gamers with crisp and clear gaming image quality.

Radeon image sharpening (RIS)

AMD has come up with an intelligent image sharpening algorithm that aims to provide gamers with unparalleled image quality. The biggest advantage of this technology is that gamers can enjoy games without any performance decrease (does image sharpening decrease FPS?).

When it comes to image sharpening, someone, especially for gamers, may wonder does image sharpening decrease FPS. We’ve tested, and also collected feedbacks from some readers. In fact, there is no standard answer. Some people said that using image sharpening does hit FPS for 20%, while some others indicated that image sharpening only sharpens what the human eye can see, and it doesn’t have any effect on FPS. They switched between high sharpness and no sharpness without any change to their frames. If you want to figure out “does image sharpening decrease FPS”, give a shot.

AMD has claimed that RIS can provide image sharpening which will cause a 1080p display look like 1440p. It is done by fiddling around with higher contrast sections of the image and the algorithm artificially draws more details out of that. This process is claimed to be post-processing, which means it will not affect gaming performance.

Images of RIS were displayed by AMD, those images clearly showed the brighter more detailed view of darker edges of the picture. RIS also includes contrast adaptive sharpening (CAS) which is included in the fidelityfx suite. According to AMD, RIS is plug and play, gamers can switch on RIS from radeon settings and they are good to go. Although developers can also implement fidelityfx suite according to requirements, RIS does not need any pre-processing. Unlike nvidia, radeon has made RIS easy to use due to its post-processing capabilities. Now gamers can enjoy sharper image quality by turning on RIS from radeon settings.

Nvidia vs. Radeon

DLSS by nvidia is just a performance enhancer for ray tracing. While testing both the DLSS by nvidia and RIS by radeon on battlefield V, the results were quite similar. The nvidia was running ray tracing followed by DLSS at 4K resolution while AMD radeon was running RIS with enhanced 1440p resolution, both produced sharp and crisp images. The added benefit of RIS is that there were no performance lags due to post-processing implementation of RIS. The AMD system was running 1440p resolution which meant it could boost the frame rate up to 90 fps.

Looking at radeon image sharpening technology we can clearly see the difference between the original image and sharpened image. The image sharpened clearly showed the difference in contrast on edges of the objects, like grass, sky, and water looked crisper with the assist from RIS.

Looking at both image sharpening algorithms from nvidia and radeon showed almost the same results. On close comparison at 1440p resolution, CAS along with RIS did a pretty good job at leaving the high contrast object untouched. Enhancing the high contrast objects only adds to the oversaturation of images. Although CAS is not perfect at overlapping the saturation of objects it’s hard to spot any difference with the naked eye.

Final verdict on image sharpening

Although image sharpening algorithms are working wonders with enhancing the gaming experience, they are not always perfect. On a closer look, you might find some over brightening of objects. Now it might not be visible while playing games, but it will be visible if you take a screenshot and zoom in.

If you evaluate the image sharpening algorithm, they will impress the gamers with image enhancement. These algorithms don’t interfere with gaming performance, as most of them are post-processing algorithms. Although there is quite a difference when compared side by side, there might not be much difference if images were not compared side by side. Sharpened images might look a bit too sharp and artificial but actual gameplay will compensate for that.

These image sharpening algorithms do not hinder the performance. A slight 2, 3 fps drop can be seen while running image sharpening algorithms, that almost negligible. RIS and DLSS can enhance the visual aspects of your gaming without affecting performance.

How does fps (frames per second) work?

I often use programs to convert video files and/or shrink them in size. All of these programs give me the option to change certain properties of the output video files. For example, windows live movie maker allows me to change the following properties:

* width and height (for example: 1280 pixels x 720 pixels)

* bit rate (for example: 8000 kbps)

*frame rate (for example: 30 fps)

*audio format (for example: 128 kbps, 48 khz, stereo)

I'm just not understanding how the frame rate (fps) affects a video file. How do I know what frame rate is best to use for a video file? How would changing a video's frame rate from 30 fps to 23 fps affect the video quality?

2 answers

1 frame = 1 picture, 30 fps is what you should aim for because that is the fastest our eyes can see!!

And from 30 fps to 23 fps. This will reduce file size but also will reduce quality. You will need to do these tests yourself because its not the same for every video for every person :P

Generally that velocity could in basic terms prepare to a nevertheless digital camera that would take repeated photos, not a video, as a number of the solutions mean. 3 frames or photos in line with 2d would be a score - the digital camera is in a position to take yet another image in a million/3 2d in case you press the shutter repeatedly (my first digital took see you later to establish a picture that a million physique/image each 2 seconds replaced into good.) yet generally if is a geared up in fee which would be adjusted so which you would be able to hold the shutter down and the digital camera takes photos at that fee until you permit bypass - infants enjoying, pets bounding around, shifting the digital camera for countless consumer-friendly different angles or panning slowly to make a GIF or short video. I had a professional information photographer out for an consumer-friendly tale at my domicile and his extraordinarily costly DSLR digital camera replaced into set up so each time he held the shutter, he have been given 3-5 photos - yet a putting in basic terms confirmed the photos on his exhibit after 2 seconds - so he could placed the digital camera in a clumsy area, flow it to slightly different angles, elevate the digital camera to make certain what he had gotten interior the fast slide teach - possibly to objective returned. He ought to have taken 3 hundred or greater photos interior the a million/2 hour he replaced into right here.

What to know about fasting blood sugar?

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Fasting blood sugar levels give vital clues about how a person’s body is managing blood sugar. Blood sugar tends to peak about an hour after eating and declines after that.

High fasting blood sugar levels point to insulin resistance or diabetes, while abnormally low fasting blood sugar could be due to diabetes medications.

Knowing when to test and what to look for can help keep people stay healthy, especially if they have diabetes or are at risk of developing the condition.

Share on pinterest A healthcare professional may recommend using a glucometer to test daily levels of fasting blood sugar.

The body needs glucose for energy, and glucose comes from the food we eat. However, the body does not use all of this energy at once. Insulin makes it possible to store and release it as necessary.

Following a meal, blood sugar levels rise, usually peaking about an hour after eating.

How high blood sugar rises, and the precise timing of the peak depends on the person’s diet.

Factors relating to food that can trigger significant rises include:

Eating large meals

Consuming sugary foods and drinks

Eating foods with simple carbohydrates, or carbs, such as bread and sweet snacks

As blood sugar rises, the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin lowers blood sugar, breaking it down so that the body can use it for energy or store it for later.

However, people who have diabetes have difficulties with insulin in one of two ways:

1. Those with type 1 diabetes do not produce enough insulin because their body attacks its insulin-producing cells.

2. Those with type 2 diabetes do not respond well to insulin in their body and, later, may not make enough insulin.

In both cases, the result is the same, with people experiencing high blood sugar levels and difficulty using glucose, or blood sugar.

This means that fasting blood sugar depends on three factors:

The contents of a person’s last meal

The size of their previous meal

Their body’s ability to produce and respond to insulin

Blood sugar levels between meals offer a window into how the body manages sugar. High levels of fasting blood sugar suggest that the body has been unable to lower the levels of sugar in the blood.

This points to either insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production and, in some cases, both.

When blood sugar is very low, diabetes medications may be lowering blood sugar too much.

There are two methods that individuals or healthcare professionals use for assessing fasting blood sugar levels:

1. A conventional blood sugar test

2. A glycosylated hemoglobin (hba1c) test

The hba1c test

The hba1c test measures how the body is managing blood sugar over time, usually the last 2–3 months.

The person will undertake this test at the doctor’s office or in a lab. If levels are very high, the individual may need a second test. The results show as a percentage.

Hba1c is the main test that doctors use to manage diabetes.

Blood sugar testing at home

A person can test their blood sugar levels at home.

In most cases, doctors ask people to measure fasting blood sugar immediately upon waking and before they have anything to eat or drink. It may also be appropriate to test blood sugar before eating or sometimes 2 hours after a meal when blood sugar has returned to normal levels.

The right time to test is dependant on treatment goals and other factors. For example, most people with diabetes do not need to test between meals unless they are using a diabetes drug that can lower blood sugar. Other people may test between meals if they feel their sugar levels may be low.

Since they do not make any insulin, some people with type 1 diabetes need to test several times a day. They do this because they need to check their levels regularly in order to adjust their insulin dose at that time.

To do the blood sugar test, a person will:

Prepare the testing strip and glucose monitor to be ready for the blood sample.

Clean the testing area, usually the side of a fingertip, using an alcohol swab.

Lance the testing area. Bracing against a firm surface can help with the impulse to pull away.

Squeeze the testing area around the wound to maximize blood flow.

Squeeze a drop of blood onto the test strip.

Put the strip into the monitor.

Record the time, blood sugar reading, and recent food intake in a log.

Find out more here about blood sugar testing at home.

Blood glucose monitoring kits for use at home are available for purchase online.

Continuous glucose monitoring

Another option for daily use is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

For CGM, a person wears a monitor 24 hours a day. The monitor records their blood glucose levels on an ongoing basis.

CGM can give a more accurate picture of a person’s levels and fluctuations throughout the day. However, this type of kit is more expensive to buy.

There are also non-fasting blood tests.

Random plasma glucose (RPG): the doctor does a conventional blood sugar test when the person is not fasting. Find out more here.

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): A healthcare provider takes samples of a person’s blood several times. The analysis begins with a fasting blood test. The individual with diabetes then drinks a liquid containing glucose, and the healthcare provider draws their blood every hour, three times. Learn more here about the glucose tolerance test.

Blood sugar levels vary throughout the day and with food intake, so no single blood sugar reading can reveal how well or not someone is processing sugar.

Hba1c results

According to the american diabetes association (ADA), the results of an hba1c test will be one of the following:

Normal: less than 5.7 percent

Prediabetes: between 5.7 and 6.4 percent

Diabetes: 6.5 and over

Prediabetes is when blood sugar is high but not as high as in diabetes. People can take measures that may reverse it and stop diabetes from developing. Find out more here.

Home testing

Target blood sugar numbers are as follows, in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl):

Fasting (morning testing before food or water): 80–130 mg/dl

Two hours after starting a meal: under 180 mg/dl

However, the target numbers will vary between individuals. A healthcare professional will help a person identify their own target levels.

It is vital to follow a healthful diet to keep fasting blood sugar from rising too high. Strategies include:

Limiting the intake of sugar and salt.

Choosing whole-grain bread and pasta instead of white bread and pasta.

Eating foods that are rich in fiber to help the body lower blood glucose levels.

Eating high-protein foods to support feelings of fullness.

Choosing non-starchy vegetables that are less likely to trigger blood glucose spikes.

People who are taking diabetes drugs and who are at risk of dangerous blood sugar dips should follow a similar diet. They also need to take proactive steps to prevent blood sugar from dropping. Those include:

Eating regular meals throughout the day.

Increasing food intake and snacking frequency during intense physical activity.

Avoiding or limiting alcohol beverages.

Consulting a doctor if vomiting or diarrhea make it difficult to manage blood sugar.

People are likely to experience symptoms if their blood sugar levels are too low or too high.

Low blood sugar levels

Blood sugar that is too low can cause symptoms such as:

Shaking and sweating

Feeling jittery

Difficulty concentrating

Lack of energy

Pale skin

Fatigue or tiredness

Headaches or muscle aches

Fast or irregular heartbeat

Weakness

Lack of coordination

In extreme cases, low blood sugar can trigger seizures, loss of consciousness, confusion, and the inability to drink or eat.

High blood sugar levels

Very high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, can cause the following symptoms:

Increased hunger or thirst

Excessive urination

Blurred vision

Headache

Tiredness

As with low blood sugar, high blood sugar may cause loss of consciousness or seizures if people leave them untreated. Persistent high levels can increase the risk of serious complications that doctors relate to diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease.

If a person’s blood sugar levels are high more than three times in a 2-week period without an apparent reason, the national institute for diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases (NIDDK) recommend that they seek medical help.

Any significant change in blood sugar patterns warrants a visit to a doctor. People with diabetes and those at risk of diabetes should also consult a doctor if:

Blood sugar levels become unusually high or low

Well-managed blood sugar levels are suddenly start fluctuating

People have new or worsening symptoms of diabetes

They change their medication or stop using it

They experience abnormally high blood pressure

They develop an infection or sore that will not heal

Diabetes needs ongoing monitoring, and the treatment can change over time. Information about diet and exercise is vital to enable a doctor to outline a proper treatment plan for each person individually.

People with diabetes can assist their doctor by keeping detailed logs and being transparent and accurate about dietary or lifestyle changes.

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How do SBA loans work?

The united states small business administration (SBA) offers three types of funding to help small businesses.

The SBA does not make direct loans to small businesses. Rather, the SBA sets the guidelines for loans, which are then made by its partners (lenders, community development organizations, and micro-lending institutions). The SBA guarantees that these loans will be repaid, thus eliminating some of the risk to the lending partners.

So when a business applies for an SBA loan, it is actually applying for a commercial loan, structured according to SBA requirements with an SBA guaranty. SBA-guaranteed loans may not be made to a small business if the borrower has access to other financing at reasonable terms. SBA loan guaranty requirements and practices can change as the government alters its fiscal policy and priorities to meet current economic conditions. Therefore, you can’t rely on past policy when seeking assistance in today’s market.

The SBA can guarantee as much as 85 percent of the loan proceeds, so while the lending institution will have some risk, it should also be willing to take on more risk than with traditional loans. SBA loans can be as large as $5 million. Most SBA loans are through banks. You can ask your bank whether it makes SBA-guaranteed loans, or you can go to the SBA website for a list of participating lenders. In addition, the SBA has a microloan guarantee program for loans up to $50,000. These loans are provided through nonprofit community-based organizations. You can find a list of participants on the SBA website.

SBA loans typically take extra time and extra paperwork, although the SBA also has programs for express loans with shorter forms. You can expect to sign a personal guarantee, and you will generally be expected to have some collateral. You may not get the entire loan at once; instead, you may get it in parts, such as after supplying invoices supporting the need for funds. The interest rate may well be higher than on a conventional loan. You may pay extra fees, such as a guarantee fee and a servicing fee, both based as a percentage of loan proceeds, on top of interest costs.

In addition to loan programs, the SBA offers the surety bond guarantee (SBG) program, which helps small business contractors who cannot obtain surety bonds through regular commercial channels. A surety bond is a three-party instrument among a surety (someone who agrees to be responsible for the debt or obligation of another), a contractor, and a project owner. The SBA’s guarantee gives sureties an incentive to provide bonding for eligible contractors, thereby strengthening a contractor’s ability to obtain bonding and greater access to contracting opportunities for small businesses. SBA can guarantee bonds for contracts up to $5 million, covering bid, performance, and payment bonds, and in some cases up to $10 million for certain contracts.

13 things FBS should learn from FCS

The lower half of division I does a bunch of things that could make the upper half better.

Photo by leon halip/getty images. Banner society illustration.

1. FCS has a BIG, FAT PLAYOFF.

The FCS postseason is a 24-team playoff, in which eight teams get byes into the equivalent of college basketball’s sweet 16. Every conference that wants a reserved bid can have one, meaning a championship path for almost every program. It’s nothing like FBS, where practically the only playoff-eligible teams appear to be the 65 in power conferences (plus notre dame).

A four-team FBS playoff feels ultra-inclusive because of that level’s long history of having either no playoff or a two-team playoff, but it’s hard to argue eight or 12 would wreck everything when FCS has 24. (not to mention division II has 28 and division III has 32.)

There’s no playoff size that won’t make people furious. But the FCS playoff is a blast in ways that should carry lessons for FBS’ powers: having a bunch of teams involved is fun and inherently fairer. It also means there are no FCS national championship disputes, something FBS hasn’t been able to avoid even by installing its own little playoff.

2. Those FCS playoff games are on campuses.

The FCS playoff system has every game until the final being played on the campus of the higher-ranked team, rewarding good teams with revenue and packed crowds — as opposed to lifeless, faraway NFL stadiums.

3. In FBS, cowardly teams play teams from lower levels and get clowned for it. In FCS, brave, valorous teams play teams from higher levels.

There is honor (and money) in being the sacrificial lamb in a guarantee game. The FBS power gets made fun of for hosting an FCS team, but the FCS team often needs that money to meet its budget.

What can FBS learn from this? FBS teams should balance out their FCS games by scheduling the miami dolphins.

Of course, FCS teams play DII teams sometimes (let me direct you to this davidson-guilford game that had a 91-61 final score and one team getting 964 yards of offense). But that just continues the flow of cash from FBS on downward. If your 63-scholarship team has to go to tuscaloosa, you’ve earned an easy game.

4. Ole miss or mississippi state should’ve copied FCS alcorn state’s strategy of “having steve mcnair.”

Both would’ve had better years in the ‘90s if they’d landed the mount olive, mississippi native.

Mcnair is an example of the broader point: FCS has good football players. This is division I football, with good teams and good games — as people often forget until the FCS quarterfinals are on TV at the same time as some bowl game neither team cares about. The best players in the country aren’t generally choosing to play FCS ball, but the level has produced plenty of NFL stars.

5. FCS is open to a broad range of schemes.

Similar to how FBS is more schematically diverse than the NFL, and how high school is more schematically diverse (if you take a wide enough lens) than any college level.

In FCS, it’s not weird when regular public schools spend whole games running nothing but the triple option. Georgia southern built a bona fide dynasty in FCS, and in recent years, other flexbone-style teams and their offshoots have enjoyed a lot of success.

Like any other level, FCS can be a laboratory for cool football ideas, and there’s less of a stigma against certain schemes.

6. FCS has fewer regular season games (11, not 12), helping preserve players for actual playoffs.

Would you give up a regular season game every year if it meant a full postseason that matters matters?

7. Seriously, FCS has teams in places like montana, maine, and the dakotas that host playoff games.

Some regions of the country are almost entirely ignored in the FBS ranks, save for the one night a year when a few people watching football at 11:57 p.M. ET realize laramie, wyoming is hosting a decent game.

In FCS, overlooked regions can have central roles. That could never happen in FBS, where a small playoff and difficult recruiting geography keep teams from less talent-rich areas out of the hunt.

8. Despite having a massive playoff, a few FCS conferences have found different ways to make their seasons ultra-high-stakes.

The ivy league often has some of the best teams in FCS, but it’s just decided not to play in the playoffs. For teams there, winning the ivy league is enough to be more than happy, and that makes every ivy league game have a lot on the line. It gives their students and players something exciting to get into before they head off to law school or mckinsey.

The MEAC and SWAC, the two FCS leagues of hbcus, send their champions to atlanta’s celebration bowl, which happens during the FCS playoffs. The winner (it’s probably gonna be north carolina A&T) is as much a national champion of something as the playoff winner (it’s probably gonna be north dakota state).

Power 5 coaches, ads, and fans tend to be deeply obsessed with the college football playoff, even though if you’re not alabama or clemson, you’re probably not winning it.

These FCS leagues have found equally holy grails for themselves, and why not? Sports should be fun. As long as FBS’ playoff shuts out group of 5 teams, maybe it’d be fun for those schools to follow the hbcus and stage their own title game.

A daily-ish mini-column on the college football thing of the day, with some other stuff too.

9. FBS teams can learn from FCS schools not to schedule north dakota state.

You see, FCS schools usually have no choice. But FBS schools do, and they should look at what’s happened to their FCS brethren, then decide to play someone else.

FBS schools that have scheduled NDSU have lost repeatedly. In any given year, NDSU would be liable to whoop most of FBS. In 2018, for example, I deduced only about 30 teams from the top level would be favorites against the bison.

10. FCS schools usually don’t overdo it with enormous stadiums they can’t fill.

Both levels have smaller teams that rent out massive NFL stadiums and then do their best to fill them, but FBS also has a lot more big campus venues that often look . Ambitious.

Even when cal is decent, like in 2018, they can still average about 20,000 empty seats. It makes for a cavernous, quiet atmosphere.

That same year, the five leading FCS schools put between 18,000 and 25,000 butts in the seats. Four of those five stadiums seat between 19,000 and 25,000 people.

It’s a lot more fun to have a 19,000-person sellout at NDSU’s fargodome than to have a half-full stadium for anybody. And if the home team is bad, way less real estate is going to waste.

11. However, FCS stadiums are much more ambitious with their turf colors.

Do you think boise state’s blue is out there? Let me introduce you to eastern washington’s dystopian red field, which appears to have been stained with blood .

. And central arkansas’ purple field, which looks like the set of a PBS show:

You probably already knew about these, but that doesn’t make it any less bizarre, if you think about it. The teams at the bottom of FBS might as well at least make their playing surfaces interesting.

12. About 30 FBS teams should take after FCS by . Literally dropping down to FCS.

About half the group of 5 lacks the resources to ever seriously compete in FBS and lacks the fan interest to make it clear why they’re still trying. A bunch of schools don’t really meet the FBS requirement of 15,000 fans in attendance for the average home game, but get away with falling short by playing accounting tricks nobody cares about.

If you’re not winning, people aren’t bothering to watch, and you’ve got few prospects of ever getting better, then why not play at a less demanding level? Storing uconn-like substances in FCS would also make FBS’ quality of play better.

Schools could save a fortune. FCS schools can only give out 63 scholarships (or less in some leagues), while FBS schools give out 85. FCS schools also have smaller coaching and support staffs. Fewer mouths to feed means a better experience for the people who are actually there.

13. Hbcus have the best bands, and lots of hbcus are in FCS.

What is fulfillment by amazon(FBA) and how does it work?

07 feb, 2019 by srishti arora - 5 min read

In our previous blogs, we have talked at length about amazon’s various fulfillment techniques like amazon self ship, amazon easy ship and also what benefits you can derive if you ship using shiprocket when you opt for amazon self ship. There is one segment which we are yet to cover — fulfilled by amazon. This blog talks in detail about FBA, it’s benefits and whether it is the right call for your ecommerce business.

What is fulfilled by amazon?

Fulfillment by amazon, as the name suggests is amazon’s order fulfillment model where amazon takes responsibility for inventory management, storage, picking, packing, shipping and customer service for your orders. Your role is to deliver your products to amazon’s fulfillment center.

With amazon FBA you can leverage their marketplace, world-class fulfillment services, more options for delivery, and critically acclaimed customer service. You are also enrolled in their prime program once you sign up for amazon FBA. Therefore, with FBA and prime, you are eligible for free delivery, one-day delivery, and same day delivery. A survey by amazon pointed out that 86% of prime sellers reported an increase in sales once they shifted to FBA.

How does FBA function?

First, you deliver your products to amazon’s fulfillment center, or you can schedule a pickup. Pickups are done using their inbound pickup services, done using their logistics network, amazon transport service(ATS)

Next, amazon stores your inventory and manages every product you provide to them. When you receive an order on your marketplace, amazon picks the order, packs it and ships it to the customer. In case of any query regarding the delivery or the product, amazon’s customer support team is responsible for catering to the customer’s concerns. You then send more products to the fulfillment center, and the cycle continues.

Benefits of choosing FBA

Undivided attention to business

With a company like amazon, taking care of operations like inventory management, picking, packaging, and customer service, you can quickly focus on other aspects of your business like procurement, marketing, and sales. Since the former operations take up a lot of time, growth and innovation take a backseat, and you tend to lose the competition. But with FBA you can focus on growth.

No hassles of shipping

Shipping takes up significant time and resource of any ecommerce business. As ecommerce logistics is a separate entity all together, you have to give it a substantial chunk of your plan. But since in FBA, amazon looks after the shipping via their logistics network, ATS, you can point your resources directly at other segments of your business and also save on shipping and workforce.

No additional investments

Since you do not have to arrange for storage and handling of goods, you save on investments in other assets like a warehouse, packaging material, loading and unloading equipment, etc. This step saves you the right amount of time and costs and gives you an opportunity to explore other areas in your business.

Pay for each order

Amazon’s FBA pricing does not require you to pay them any extra subscription fee or set up charges for using FBA services. You pay a fixed closing fee, fulfillment fees, removal fees and disposal fees for every item.

Faster delivery options with prime

When you sign up for FBA, you are given prime for free. With this, you get to offer your customers expedited shipping options like the same day, one day and two-day delivery. This option gives you an edge over your competitors and adds value to your store.

Increased visibility among users

Amazon promises improved exposure for your products when you choose FBA, this way your products are displayed first on search results in amazon, and you get to sell to a vast audience that shops from amazon.

Pay on delivery

With prime and FBA, you get the benefit of giving your buyers the option of paying for the product when it arrives. This payment method is also popularly known as cash on delivery. In a country like india where ecommerce is still in its nascent stages, pay on delivery goes a long way in increasing trust among buyers.

How to get an amazonesqe service without FBA?

Amazon FBA has become one of the most popular fulfillment models because of amazon’s huge fulfillment centers. However, even today, a major population of ecommerce sellers does not sell on amazon. How can they achieve such a service? With 3PL providers like shiprocket fulfillment.

Shiprocket fulfillment is a warehousing and distribution service that provides you with centers in various cities across india. You can stock your inventory in these state-of-the-art fulfillment centers and process orders faster than ever. When you distribute inventory across the country, you can store products closer to customers and deliver up to 2X faster.

You also get 30 free storage with shiprocket fulfillment without any minimum cost commitment. This makes it extremely lucrative for businesses with fast-moving inventory who want to simplify operations and deliver quicker at low costs.

Conclusion

Use these pointers and decide if FBA is the right call for your business. If not, you can opt for other options like 3PL providers like shiprocket fulfillment!

So, let's see, what we have: FBS blood test results explained the FBS blood test is a fasting blood sugar test. It is used to determine what the ongoing blood glucose levels happen to be when food is not being digested and at how does fbs work